Here are some general English spelling rules. There may be exceptions of these rules.

The grapheme <e> disappears before a suffix that starts with a vowel-sound:

Liking
Approval
Management (the suffix begins with a consonant sound)

The grapheme <e> does not disappear after <c> or <g>

Change --> changeable
Notice --> noticeable

The suffix ful is always spelled with one l

Hopeful
Joyful

The preposition till and the pronoun all lose an <l> in compounds

Until
Always

The grapheme <ie> is <y> before -ing

dying

A consonant sound + final <y> becomes -ie before -s, -ed, -er, and -est

Babies
Tried
Handier, handiest.

In words of two or more syllables <y> changes into <i> before a suffix

happy --> happily
curly --> curliness
BUT: dry --> dryly (monosyllabic words)

<i> before <e> except after <c>
Receive
believe
Note that this rule only applies if the <i> is pronounced as the vowel-sound in sweet.

Before the endings -ed, -ing, -er, and -est, consonants are doubled after a single vowel sound in a stressed syllable.

refer --> referring
omit --> omitting
offering (unstressed syllable)
spoiled (double vowel)
select (two consonants)

The <l> is doubled after a single unstressed vowel sound

travel --> travelled
(This rule does not apply to American English spelling)

The <p> is doubled in worship, kidnap and handicap although the stress is not on the second syllable.

Some words are spelt differently depending on whether they are verbs or nouns. The following words end in <-se> if they are verbs and <-ce> if they are nouns

advise/advice
devise/device
license/licence
practise/pratice
prophesy/prophecy

Verbs of which the final syllable is pronounced /:i/ end in <ede>

concede
precede

There are three exceptions to this rule
Exceed
Proceed
Succeed

Verbs ending in <c> become <ck> before suffixed beginning with <e>, <i>, or <y>

picnic --> picnicking
panic --> panicky

The following words ending in a consonant + <o> are made plural by adding <-es>

Cargo --> cargoes
echo --> echoes
hero --> heroes
buffalo --> buffaloes
negro --> negroes
etc.

The following words ending in a consonant + <o> are made plural by adding <s>

piano --> pianos
Solo --> solos
cello --> cellos
dynamo --> dynamos

English does not make plural with <'s>

Adjectives ending in -ic are turned into adverbs by adding -ally instead of -ly

heroic --> heroically
enthusiastic --> enthusiastically

There is one expection to this rule
public --> publicly